The Attitude of Citizens to Voter Bribery

The study was conducted by the Ilko Kucheriv Democratic Initiatives Foundation and the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology, from October, 22 to November, 12, 2021, using the CATI method (computer-assisted telephone interviews) based on a random sample of mobile phone numbers. The poll was commissioned by the Civil Network OPORA. The sample is representative for the adult population of Ukraine (18 years and above).

The survey was conducted in all regions of Ukraine, except for the territories that are temporarily not controlled by the government of Ukraine, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, and certain districts of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions.

The field study phase lasted from November 2 to 11, 2021. As a result, 2003 questionnaires were collected.

Scales were built to compensate for deviations from official statistics (State Statistics Service of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2019). To calculate the indicators, the data set must be weighed (variable weight 2000).

The statistical error of the sample (with a probability of 0.95 and taking into account the design effect of 1.1) does not exceed: 2.4% for indicators close to 50%, 2.1% – for indicators close to 25%, 1.5% – for indicators close to 10%.

More than 11% of respondents experienced bribery attempts in the election. Voters with incomplete secondary education (14%) stated the attempts more often. Also, bribery attempts were more frequently reported by residents living in rural areas and by residents of Western Ukraine.
Most respondents (54%) said that any offer of money would be unacceptable in motivating voters to sell their votes. However, persons who consider the sale of the vote itself realistic, quote relatively small amounts that can motivate people to sell the vote. 12% of respondents mentioned the amount less than UAH 500, another 6% – from UAH 500 to UAH 1,000. As few as 3.4% of respondents mentioned amounts from UAH 1,000 to 2,000, and 1.3% – the amounts from UAH 2,000 to 5,000. Another 3.5% said that this amount should be more than UAH 5,000.
64.5% of respondents stated that they were not ready to “sell” their vote under any circumstances. Among those who are still potentially ready to “sell” their vote, the most popular option is to vote for the candidate / party they like, but at the same time get paid for it – 25%. Another 18% say that everything depends on the circumstances; 13% are ready to sell their vote when they are sure that it will not lead to problems or negative consequences for them personally. Another 8.5% will accept the offer if they are asked to do so by people they trust, and 6.3% – if they are offered a fair amount of remuneration.
Regarding the potential readiness to “sell” their vote, such respondents were least in the West of the country – 70% said that they were not ready to “sell” their vote in any case. At the same time, in the South, there are only 60% of them. Age-related trends can also be traced. In general, younger voters were more likely to show a willingness to “sell” votes. Only 50% of voters under the age of 30 said they were not ready to sell their vote. At the same time, 60-70% of senior-age respondents do so. A significant share of young voters (37.3%) believe that they are ready to sell their vote when they already like the candidate or party. Moreover, among young people, any other motivation to justify the “sale” of the vote is much more common.
Respondents who are willing to “sell” their vote under certain conditions are more likely to quote specific amounts that can motivate people to sell their votes. These amounts are often small – up to UAH 1,000. Respondents are less likely to quote larger amounts.
When asked why voters agree to receive money or other material rewards from a candidate or a party in exchange for election support, the vast majority of respondents said that the reason was that people are poor, and this is an additional opportunity to earn extra money – (82.5%). Another 65% mentioned that people don't care who they vote for if they are offered money. Also, more than half (56%) indicated that people take money but still vote independently. Another 37% answered that people do not want to reject a request from friends, acquaintances, relatives, neighbors, management, or work colleagues.
As to “charitable” activities of parties and candidates before the election, respondents’ opinions split. Thus, 42% have a positive attitude to the provision of medicial supplies, products, equipment, organization of leisure and entertainment, landscaping, assistance to the army or to the church, when this is done by the subjects of the election process before the election. 51.5% have a negative attitude to this.
At the same time, there are some differences in population groups. Thus, women are usually more positive about this activity than men (46% and 37%). It is also interesting that poorer respondents are more negative about this form of indirect bribery. Age-related trends can also be traced. Younger respondents are more likely to be positive about the "charitable" help of parties and candidates before the election than older people.
In addition to the above, indirect respondents are less likely to be affected by indirect voter bribery. At the same time, among those respondents who are willing to “sell” their vote under certain conditions, much more people are positive about the “charitable” assistance of the subjects of the election process before the election – 51%. Among respondents who are not ready to sell their vote under any circumstances, 37% have a positive attitude to such things.
Most respondents believe that the two parties to the situation are to blame for voter bribery – 62%. Another 26% believe that the main responsibility should be undertaken by those who initiate and exercise bribery (a candidate or a party). Only 7% believe that the main culprit is the voter who sells their vote.
The vast majority of respondents believe that voter bribery technologies affect election results. Thus, 33% believe that such an impact is very large, and another 50% think that such an impact is likely. As little as 3.5% believe that voter bribery technologies do not affect the election results at all.
Half of the respondents support the statement that voter bribery is not only a serious abuse, but also the main challenge of the Ukrainian elections. Another 33% are more likely to agree with it. 4% of respondents completely disagree. Residents of large cities (over 500,000 people) support the statement the least, but even there most respondents see it as a serious problem. Voters who have been directly confronted with bribery are generally more likely to rank the problem as the most serious in the electoral process.

BLOCK II: VOTER BRIBERY

Have you ever been personally requested to vote for a certain candidate in exchange for a monetary reward?

Yes	11.4%
No	88.5%
HARD TO SAY / I DON'T KNOW	0.1%

In your opinion, what amount of monetary reward could motivate voters to sell their vote?

Up to UAH 500	12.0%
From UAH 500 to UAH 1,000	6.3%
From UAH 1,000 to UAH 2,000	3.4%
From 2000 to 5000 UAH	1.3%
More than UAH 5,000	3.6%
Other (Please, write)	3.5%
Any offer of money will be unacceptable	54.2%
HARD TO SAY / I DON'T KNOW	15.7%

Under what conditions are you ready to consider voting for a candidate / party in exchange for a monetary (other material) reward?

SEVERAL RESPONSE OPTIONS. ROTATION OF ANSWERS.

If I like the candidate anyway (ie I am going to vote for him / her)	25.2%
If I’m asked by people I trust	8.5%
If I am offered a fair amount of reward	6.3%
If I am sure that this will not lead to any problems or negative consequences for me personally	13.3%
It all depends on the circumstances	18.0%
Other	2.2%
Not ready under any circumstances	64.5%
HARD TO SAY / I DON'T KNOW	0.6%

Why do you think voters agree to accept money or other material rewards from a candidate / party in exchange for election support?

SEVERAL RESPONSE OPTIONS. ROTATION OF ANSWERS.

People are poor, and this is an additional opportunity to earn extra money	82.6%
They take money, but vote independently	56.3%
They do not want to reject requests from their friends, acquaintances, relatives, neighbors, management, or colleagues	36.9%
They don’t care who they vote for if they are offered money	64.9%
Everyone does that	16.8%
Other	8.0%
HARD TO SAY / I DON'T KNOW	5.4%

In the run-up to the election, candidates / parties (or their affiliates) provide various types of charitable assistance, such as medical supplies, food, equipment, leisure and entertainment, landscaping, assistance to the army or to the church, etc.? Please, answer whether you think it a negative or a positive phenomenon.

I consider this a positive phenomenon	42.0%
I consider this a negative phenomenon	51.5%
HARD TO SAY / I DON'T KNOW	6.5%

Who do you think should be primarily responsible for bribing voters?

Who initiates and performs bribery (candidate, party or other organizers)	26.2%
A voter who agrees to a bribe in exchange for their vote	6.7%
Everyone is equally guilty	61.9%
Other	1.7%
HARD TO SAY / I DON'T KNOW	3.6%

In your opinion, can the technologies of voter bribery affect the election results?

Yes, they highly affect	32.9%
Yes, they rather affect	49.4%
No, rather not affect	9.5%
No, they do not affect at all	3.6%
HARD TO SAY / I DON'T KNOW	4.7%

To what extent do you agree with the statement that voter bribery is not only a serious abuse, but also the main problem of the Ukrainian elections?

Completely agree	50.7%
I rather agree	32.6%
I rather not agree	8.4%
I do not agree at all	4.1%
HARD TO SAY / I DON'T KNOW	4.2%

TWO-DIMENSIONAL DISTRIBUTIONS

SEX-BASED DIVISION

Have you ever been personally asked to vote for a certain candidate in exchange for a monetary reward?

	Men	Women
Yes	12.9%	10%
No	86.9%	89.9%
HARD TO SAY / I DON'T KNOW	0.2%	0.1%

In your opinion, what amount of monetary reward can motivate voters to sell their vote?

	Men	Women
Up to UAH 500	12.2%	11.8%
From UAH 500 to UAH 1,000.	7.2%	5.5%
From UAH 1,000 to UAH 2,000.	4.4%	2.6%
From 2000 to 5000 UAH.	1.5%	1.0%
More than UAH 5,000	4.9%	2.6%
Other	5.0%	2.4%
Any offer of money will be unacceptable	50.5%	57.3%
HARD TO SAY / DON’T KNOW (DO NOT READ)	14.3%	16.9%

Under what conditions are you ready to consider voting for a candidate / party in exchange for a monetary (other material) reward: SEVERAL RESPONSE OPTIONS. ROTATION OF ANSWERS.

	Men	Women
If I like this candidate anyway (ie I am going to vote for him/her)	26.1%	24.5%
If I’m asked by people I trust	7.3%	9.5%
If I am offered a fair amount of reward	6.3%	6.3%
If I am sure that this will not lead to problems or negative consequences for me personally	12.5%	14.1%
It all depends on the circumstances	19.3%	17.0%
Other	2.2%	2.2%
Not ready under any circumstances	62.8%	65.9%
HARD TO SAY / I DON'T KNOW	0.9%	0.5%

Why do you think voters agree to receive money or other material rewards from a candidate/party in exchange for election support? SEVERAL RESPONSE OPTIONS. ROTATION OF ANSWERS.

	Men	Women
People are poor, and this is an additional opportunity to earn extra money	82.2%	82.9%
They take money, but vote independently	55.3%	57.1%
Do not want to reject a request from friends, acquaintances, relatives, neighbors, management, or colleagues	35.7%	37.9%
They don’t care who they vote for if they are offered money	66.3%	63.7%
Everyone does that	20/3	14.0%
Other	8.5%	7.7%
HARD TO SAY / I DON'T KNOW	5.8%	5.0%

	Men	Women
I consider it a positive phenomenon	37.3%	45.8%
I consider it a negative phenomenon	56.8%	47.2%
HARD TO SAY / I DON'T KNOW	6.0%	7.0%

Who do you think should be primarily responsible for bribing voters?

	Men	Women
Those who initiate and perform bribery (candidate, party or other organizers)	28.1%	24.5%
A voter who agrees to a bribe in exchange for his vote	6.5%	6.8%
Everyone is equally guilty	60.2%	63.4%
Other	2.2%	1.3%
HARD TO SAY / I DON’T KNOW (DON’T READ)	3.0%	4.0%

In your opinion, can the technologies of voter bribery affect the election results?

	Men	Women
Yes, they highly affect	34.1%	32%
Yes, rather rather affect	50.4%	48.6%
No, rather not affect	8.6%	10-2
No, they do not affect at all	2.8%	4.2%
Hard to say / I don't know	4.2%	5.0%

To what extent do you agree with the statement that voter bribery is not only a serious abuse, but also the main problem of the Ukrainian elections?

	Men	Women
Completely agree	49.1%	51.9%
I rather agree	33.1%	32.2%
I rather not agree	9.9%	7.1%
I do not agree at all	4.4%	3.8%
HARD TO SAY / I DON'T KNOW	3.4%	4.9%

EDUCATION

Have you ever been personally asked to vote for a certain candidate in exchange for a monetary reward?

	Incomplete secondary	Complete secondary education	Secondary vocational education	Higher and unfinished higher education
Yes	16.5%	11.1%	10.4%	11.6%
No	83.5%	88.6%	89.5%	88.3%
Hard to say / I don't know	0.0%	0.3%	0.2%	0.1%

In your opinion, what amount of monetary reward can motivate voters to sell their vote?

	Incomplete secondary	Complete secondary education	Secondary vocational education	Higher and unfinished higher education
Up to UAH 500	20.2%	10.5%	12.4%	11.2%
From UAH 500 to UAH 1,000	3.8%	5.7%	7.4%	6.8%
From UAH 1,000 to UAH 2,000	2.9%	0.6%	1.3%	5.9%
From 2000 to 5000 UAH	0.0%	1.9%	0.9%	1.5%
More than UAH 5,000	1.0%	4.1%	3.6%	3.9%
Other (PUT DOWN)	2.9%	4.8%	3.0%	3.6%
Any offer of money will be unacceptable	57.7%	56.8%	52.9%	53.4%
Hard to say / I don't know	11.5%	15.6%	18.5%	13.6%

Under what conditions are you ready to consider voting for a candidate / party in exchange for a monetary (other material) reward? SEVERAL RESPONSE OPTIONS. ROTATION OF ANSWERS.

	Incomplete secondary	Complete secondary education	Secondary vocational education	Higher and unfinished higher education
If I like this candidate anyway (ie I am going to vote for him / her)	20.2%	27.0%	24.3%	25.8%
If I’m asked by people I trust	9.6%	8.9%	7.7%	8.8%
If I am offered a fair amount of reward	6,7%	8.6%	5.8%	5.8%
If I am sure that this will not lead to problems or negative consequences for me personally	13.5%	14.0%	12.7%	13.3%
It all depends on the circumstances	27.9%	16.5%	17.3%	17.8%
Other	3.8%	1.9%	1.9%	2.3%
Not ready under any circumstances	60.6%	62.9%	64.9%	64.3%
Hard to say / I don't know	1.0%	0.0%	0.4%	0.8%

Why do you think voters agree to receive money or other material rewards from a candidate / party in exchange for election support? SEVERAL RESPONSE OPTIONS. ROTATION OF ANSWERS.

	Incomplete secondary	Complete secondary education	Secondary vocational education	Higher and unfinished higher education
People are poor, and this is an additional opportunity to earn extra money	88.5%	80.3%	80.0%	83.7%
They take money, but vote independently	51.9%	52.1%	60.1%	54.8%
They do not want to reject a request from friends, acquaintances, relatives, neighbors, management, colleagues	38.5%	41.0%	41.0%	31.8%
They don’t care who they vote for if they are offered money	69.2%	65.1%	62.7%	65.2%
Everyone does that	20.2%	18.7%	18.2%	14.7%
Other	11.5%	5.1%	7.3%	9.2%
Hard to say / I don't know	7.7%	6.0%	5.2%	4.9%

	Incomplete secondary	Complete secondary education	Secondary vocational education	Higher and unfinished higher education
I consider this a positive phenomenon	45.6%	43.0%	36.3%	48.9%
I consider this a negative phenomenon	43.7%	51.0%	58.4%	43.6%
Hard to say / I don't know	10.7%	6.1%	5.3%	7.4%

Who do you think should be primarily responsible for bribing voters?

	Incomplete secondary	Complete secondary education	Secondary vocational education	Higher and unfinished higher education
Who initiates and performs bribery (candidate, party or other organizers)	27.5%	26.2%	26.9%	25.7%
A voter who agrees to a bribe in exchange for their vote	5.9%	8.0%	7.1%	6.0%
Everyone is equally guilty	56.9%	58.1%	60.5%	64.8%
Other	6.9%	0.3%	2.1%	1.3%
Hard to say / I don't know	2.9%	7.3%	3.5%	2.2%

In your opinion, can the technologies of voter bribery affect the election results?

	Incomplete secondary	Complete secondary education	Secondary vocational education	Higher and unfinished higher education
Yes, they highly affect	41.3%	28.9%	36.7%	30.5%
Yes, they rather affect	41.3%	54.6%	44.1%	52.6%
No, rather not affect	3.8%	7.3%	9.6%	10.7%
No, they do not affect at all	5.8%	3.8%	3.9%	2.9%
Hard to say / I don't know	7.7%	5.4%	5.7%	3.3%

To what extent do you agree with the statement that voter bribery is not only a serious abuse, but also the main problem of the Ukrainian elections?

	Incomplete secondary	Complete secondary education	Secondary vocational education	Higher and unfinished higher education
Completely agree	60.0%	50.9%	57.8%	44.4%
I rather agree	24.8%	33.9%	28.6%	36.1%
I rather not agree	1.9%	7.0%	5.4%	11.6%
I do not agree at all	3.8%	4.4%	4.7%	3.5%
Hard to say / I don't know	9.5%	3.8%	3.5%	4.5%

RELIGION

Have you ever been personally asked to vote for a certain candidate in exchange for a monetary reward?

	Orthodox collectively (including without any denomination)	OCU	UOC (ROCiU) [2]	UGCC	Atheists
Yes	10.7%	11.8%	8.8%	17.6%	8.3%
No	89.2%	88%	90.8%	82.4%	91.7%
Hard to say / I don't know	0.1%	0.1%	0.4%	0.0%	0.0%

In your opinion, what amount of monetary reward can motivate voters to sell their vote?

	Orthodox collectively (including without any denomination)	OCU	UOC (ROCiU) [2]	UGCC	Atheists
Up to UAH 500	11.7%	12.1%	11.1%	10.0%	12.1%
From UAH 500 to UAH 1,000	5.7%	4.0%	5.5%	5.9%	11.5%
From UAH 1,000 to UAH 2,000	3.3%	4.0%	2.2%	4.7%	4.5%
From 2000 to 5000 UAH	1.2%	1.5%	1.1%	0.0%	1.9%
More than UAH 5,000	3.1%	2.7%	2.6%	6.5%	7.0%
Other	3.1%	2.6%	4.1%	2.4%	5.1%
Any offer of money will be unacceptable	55.2%	56.6%	54.6%	57.6%	47.1%
Hard to say / I don't know	16.6%	16.5%	18.8%	12.9%	10.8%

Under what conditions are you ready to consider voting for a candidate / party in exchange for a monetary (other material) reward? SEVERAL RESPONSE OPTIONS. ROTATION OF ANSWERS.

	Orthodox collectively (including without any denomination)	OCU	UOC (ROCiU) [2]	UGCC	Atheists
If I like this candidate anyway (ie I am going to vote for him / her)	26.5%	27.1%	25.8%	20.0%	30.6%
If I’m asked by people I trust	8.7%	8.9%	8.5%	5.9%	9.6%
If I am offered a fair amount of reward	6.7%	6.1%	7.4%	4.7%	7.6%
If I am sure that this will not lead to problems or negative consequences for me personally	13.9%	13.2%	15.1%	11.7%	13.4%
It all depends on the circumstances	18.1%	17.9%	18.5%	16.4%	17.8%
Other	2.0%	2.2%	3.3%	0.0%	5.1%
Not ready under any circumstances	64.2%	63.8%	62.7%	67.8%	56.3%
Hard to say / I don't know	0.7%	0.6%	0.7%	0.6%	0.0%

Why do you think voters agree to receive money or other material rewards from a candidate / party in exchange for election support? SEVERAL RESPONSE OPTIONS. ROTATION OF ANSWERS.

	Orthodox collectively (including without any denomination)	OCU	UOC (ROCiU) [2]	UGCC	Atheists
People are poor, and this is an additional opportunity to earn extra money	82.3%	81.5%	81.9%	83.6%	83.4%
They take money, but vote independently	57.3%	56.9%	61.3%	47.6%	58.6%
Do not want to reject a request from friends, acquaintances, relatives, neighbors, management, colleagues	38.1%	40.4%	38.6%	31.8%	32.3%
They don’t care who they vote for if they are offered money	64.5%	63.9%	69.7%	64.9%	68.2%
Everyone does that	16.5%	17.7%	16.2%	20.0%	16.6%
Other	6.9%	7.4%	6.6%	10.0%	10.2%
Hard to say / I don't know	5.3%	5.4%	3.0%	4.1%	7.0%

	Orthodox collectively (including without any denomination)	OCU	UOC (ROCiU) [2]	UGCC	Atheists
I consider this a positive phenomenon	44%	44%	44.3%	39.2%	32.5%
I consider this a negative phenomenon	49.9%	50.1%	49.4%	53.2%	59.2%
Hard to say / I don't know	6.1%	6.0%	6.3%	7.6%	8.3%

Who do you think should be primarily responsible for bribing voters?

	Orthodox collectively (including without any denomination)	OCU	UOC (ROCiU) [2]	UGCC	Atheists
Who initiates and performs bribery (candidate, party or other organizers)	26.0%	26.1%	25.6%	29.4%	24.8%
A voter who agrees to a bribe in exchange for his vote	7.0%	7.8%	7.8%	7.1%	2.5%
Everyone is equally guilty	61.9%	61.7%	62.2%	60.6%	67.5%
Other	1.7%	1.2%	2.6%	6.0%	2.5%
Hard to say / I don't know	3.5%	3.2%	1.9%	2.4%	2.5%

In your opinion, can the technologies of voter bribery affect the election results?

	Orthodox collectively (including without any denomination)	OCU	UOC (ROCiU) [2]	UGCC	Atheists
Yes, they highly affect	33.1%	32.4%	32.8%	38.0%	28.5%
Yes, they rather affect	48.9%	51.4%	46.9%	45.0%	50.6%
No, rather not affect	8.7%	7.7%	9.6%	11.7%	13.9%
No, they do not affect at all	4.2%	4.1%	4.4%	1.8%	1.3%
Hard to say / I don't know	5.1%	4.3%	6.3%	3.5%	5.7%

To what extent do you agree with the statement that voter bribery is not only a serious abuse, but also the main problem of the Ukrainian elections?

	Orthodox collectively (including without any denomination)	OCU	UOC (ROCiU) [2]	UGCC	Atheists
Completely agree	52.9%	53.5%	58.7%	52.6%	31.6%
I rather agree	31.8%	32.9%	22.9%	25.7%	47.5%
I rather not agree	7.0%	6.2%	8.5%	8.8%	15.2%
I do not agree at all	4.1%	4.5%	3.7%	6.4%	3.2%
Hard to say / I don't know	4.2%	2.9%	6.3%	6.4%	2.5%

FINANCIAL STANDING

Have you ever been personally asked to vote for a certain candidate in exchange for a monetary reward?

	Extremely poor [3]	The poor [4]	Provisionally well-off	Well-off
Yes	9.9%	11.0%	11.4%	10.5%
No	89.5%	88.8%	88.5%	89.5%
Hard to say / I don't know	0.7%	0.2%	0.1%	0.0%

In your opinion, what amount of monetary reward can motivate voters to sell their vote?

	Extremely poor [3]	The poor [4]	Provisionally well-off	Well-off
Up to UAH 500	17.1%	0.12%	11.5%	12.6%
From UAH 500 to UAH 1,000	1.3%	5.3%	7.5%	8.6%
From UAH 1,000 to UAH 2,000	2.0%	1.5%	3.5%	7.3%
From 2000 to 5000 UAH	7.0%	7.0%	1.0%	2.9%
More than UAH 5,000	7.0%	2.9%	4.4%	4.5%
Other	3.9%	3.1%	3.0%	5.2%
Any offer of money will be unacceptable	57.9%	54.2%	55.6%	47.1%
Hard to say / I don't know	16.4%	20.3%	13.5%	11.8%

Under what conditions are you ready to consider voting for a candidate / party in exchange for a monetary (other material) reward? SEVERAL RESPONSE OPTIONS. ROTATION OF ANSWERS.

	Extremely poor [3]	The poor [4]	Provisionally well-off	Well-off
If I like this candidate anyway (ie I am going to vote for him / her)	21.7%	24.4%	26.3%	29.3%
If I’m asked by people I trust	7.9%	7.4%	5.2%	6.5%
If I am offered a fair amount of reward	7.9%	7.4%	5.2%	6.5%
If I am sure that this will not lead to problems or negative consequences for me personally	13.2%	15.1%	12.4%	12.6%
It all depends on the circumstances	19.1%	19.1%	15.6%	23.6%
Other	3.3%	2.0%	1.8%	2.6%
Not ready under any circumstances	70.2%	64.8%	64.6%	57.9%

Why do you think voters agree to receive money or other material rewards from a candidate / party in exchange for election support? SEVERAL RESPONSE OPTIONS. ROTATION OF ANSWERS.

	Extremely poor [3]	The poor [4]	Provisionally well-off	Well-off
People are poor, and this is an additional opportunity to earn extra money	78.1%	82.6%	84.4%	85.1%
They take money, but vote independently	53.9%	58.0%	55.7%	56.8%
Do not want to reject a request from friends, acquaintances, relatives, neighbors, management, colleagues	38.2%	38.0%	36.1%	37.7%
They don’t care who they vote for if they are offered money	61.8%	61.9%	64.0%	73.0%
Everyone does that	20.5%	17.4%	16.5%	16.0%
Other	4.6%	7.6%	9.3%	7.3%
Hard to say / I don't know	7.9%	6.4%	3.7%	3.9%

	Extremely poor [3]	The poor [4]	Provisionally well-off	Well-off
I consider this a positive phenomenon	28.3%	42.8%	44.0%	45.0%
I consider this a negative phenomenon	64.5%	51.9%	48.7%	50.3%
Hard to say / I don't know	7.2%	5.2%	7.3%	4.7%

Who do you think should be primarily responsible for bribing voters?

	Extremely poor [3]	The poor [4]	Provisionally well-off	Well-off
Who initiates and performs bribery (candidate, party or other organizers)	30.3%	24.2%	27.0%	26.2%
A voter who agrees to a bribe in exchange for his vote	6.6%	5.2%	8.3%	6.8%
Everyone is equally guilty	54.6%	64.1%	61.7%	62%
Other	2.6%	1.7%	1.1%	8.0%
Hard to say / I don't know	5.9%	4.7%	1.8%	4.2%

In your opinion, can the technologies of voter bribery affect the election results?

	Extremely poor [3]	The poor [4]	Provisionally well-off	Well-off
Yes, they highly affect	50.3%	34.7%	31.8%	28.9%
Yes, they rather affect	36.4%	46.1%	50.9%	53.8%
No, rather not affect	4.0%	8.8%	10.5%	11.3%
No, they do not affect at all	6.0%	4.6%	2.3%	2.9%
Hard to say / I don't know	3.3%	5.8%	4.5%	3.1%

To what extent do you agree with the statement that voter bribery is not only a serious abuse, but also the main problem of the Ukrainian elections?

	Extremely poor [3]	The poor [4]	Provisionally well-off	Well-off
Completely agree	53.3%	57.0%	50.7%	39.3%
I rather agree	28.3%	26.9%	34.1%	40.8%
I rather not agree	3.3%	6.6%	8.6%	13.9%
I do not agree at all	5.3%	4.9%	3.5%	3.4%
Hard to say / I don't know	9.9%	4.6%	3.1%	2.6%

TYPE OF SETTLEMENT

Have you ever been personally asked to vote for a certain candidate in exchange for a monetary reward?

	Villages and townships	Small cities (up to 100,000)	Medium cities (100,000 to 499,000)	Large cities (500,000+)
Yes	13.4%	8.3%	10.1%	11.0%
No	86.6%	91.4%	89.6%	88.8%
Hard to say / I don't know	0.0%	0.3%	0.3%	0.2%

In your opinion, what amount of monetary reward can motivate voters to sell their vote?

	Villages and townships	Small cities (up to 100,000)	Medium cities (100,000 to 499,000)	Large cities (500,000+)
Up to UAH 500	13.1%	11.8%	12.1%	10.4%
From UAH 500 to UAH 1,000	5.8%	5.2%	6.0%	7.9%
From UAH 1,000 to UAH 2,000	3.1%	3.5%	1.6%	5.1%
From 2000 to 5000 UAH	0.8%	1.7%	0.8%	2.4%
More than UAH 5,000	2.0%	3.7%	5.5%	4.9%
Other	2.3%	2.6%	4.7%	5.1%
Any offer of money will be unacceptable	56.5%	56.5%	51.6%	50.6%
Hard to say / I don't know	16.5%	15.0%	17.6%	13.6%

Under what conditions are you ready to consider voting for a candidate / party in exchange for a monetary (other material) reward: SEVERAL RESPONSE OPTIONS. ROTATION OF ANSWERS.

	Villages and townships	Small cities (up to 100,000)	Medium cities (100,000 to 499,000)	Large cities (500,000+)
If I like this candidate anyway (ie I am going to vote for him / her)	27.4%	24.8%	23.9%	23.4%
If I’m asked by people I trust	7.3%	10.4%	9.6%	8.5%
If I am offered a fair amount of reward	5.6%	8.4%	6.0%	5.9%
If I am sure that this will not lead to problems or negative consequences for me personally	14.6%	15.3%	12.4%	10.4%
It all depends on the circumstances	20.3%	19.0%	15.9%	15.2%
Other	1.6%	3.2%	2.7%	2.0%
Not ready under any circumstances	61.8%	66.0%	65.1%	67.5%
Hard to say / I don't know	0.4%	0.6%	1.1%	0.4%

Why do you think voters agree to receive money or other material rewards from a candidate / party in exchange for election support? SEVERAL RESPONSE OPTIONS. ROTATION OF ANSWERS.

	Villages and townships	Small cities (up to 100,000)	Medium cities (100,000 to 499,000)	Large cities (500,000+)
People are poor, and this is an additional opportunity to earn extra money	84.3%	78.4%	83.0%	82.7%
They take money, but vote independently	55.5%	54.8%	63.5%	53.6%
Do not want to reject a request from friends, acquaintances, relatives, neighbors, management, or colleagues	42.0%	36.3%	34.6%	30.5%
They don’t care who they vote for if they are offered money	64.1%	62.2%	66.8%	66.5%
Everyone does that	16.6%	19.3%	17.8%	14.6%
Other	7.0%	9.2%	7.7%	8.9%
Hard to say / I don't know	5.5%	7.2%	3.8%	5.1%

	Villages and townships	Small cities (up to 100,000)	Medium cities (100,000 to 499,000)	Large cities (500,000+)
I consider this a positive phenomenon	40.7%	39.8%	45.8%	42.7%
I consider this a negative phenomenon	52.8%	53.3%	47.1%	51.4%
Hard to say / I don't know	6.5%	6.9%	7.1%	5.9%

Who do you think should be primarily responsible for bribing voters?

	Villages and townships	Small cities (up to 100,000)	Medium cities (100,000 to 499,000)	Large cities (500,000+)
Who initiates and performs bribery (candidate, party or other organizers)	25.1%	25.8%	24.7%	29.3%
A voter who agrees to a bribe in exchange for his vote	6.8%	6.9%	6.0%	6.9%
Everyone is equally guilty	62.5%	61.9%	63.7%	59.6%
Other	1.5%	2.0%	1.6%	1.8%
Hard to say / I don't know	4.1%	3.4%	3.8%	2.4%

In your opinion, can the technologies of voter bribery affect the election results?

	Villages and townships	Small cities (up to 100,000)	Medium cities (100,000 to 499,000)	Large cities (500,000+)
Yes, they highly affect	35.7%	32.0%	30.2%	31.2%
Yes, they rather affect	46.4%	49.9%	51.6%	52.3%
No, rather not affect	8.9%	10.1%	8.2%	10.8%
No, they do not affect at all	4.4%	2.6%	3.6%	2.9%
Hard to say / I don't know	4.6%	5.5%	6.3%	2.9%

To what extent do you agree with the statement that voter bribery is not only a serious abuse, but also the main problem of the Ukrainian elections?

	Villages and townships	Small cities (up to 100,000)	Medium cities (100,000 to 499,000)	Large cities (500,000+)
Completely agree	55.4%	56.2%	47.7%	41.1%
I rather agree	29.3%	28.1%	36.2%	38.8%
I rather not agree	5.4%	8.6%	9.3%	12.2%
I do not agree at all	4.5%	3.4%	4.7%	3.5%
Hard to say / I don't know	5.4%	3.7%	2.2%	4.5%

MACROREGIONS

Have you ever been personally asked to vote for a certain candidate in exchange for a monetary reward?

	West	Center	South	East
Yes	14.4%	11/6	10.7%	6.3%
No	85.6%	88.2%	89.1%	93.3%
HARD TO SAY / I DON’T KNOW (DON’T READ)	0.0%	0.1%	0.2%	0.4%

In your opinion, what amount of monetary reward can motivate voters to sell their vote?

	West	Center	South	East
Up to UAH 500	10/8	10.3%	13.7%	15.5%
From UAH 500 to UAH 1,000	5.6%	6.3%	6.3%	7.4%
From UAH 1,000 to UAH 2,000	2.6%	3.8%	4.2%	2.8%
From 2000 to 5000 UAH	4.0%	2.3%	8.0%	1.1%
More than UAH 5,000	3.4%	4.1%	4.6%	1.1%
Other	2.4%	4.4%	2.6%	4.9%
Any offer of money will be unacceptable	57.8%	55.2%	50.6%	51.8%
Hard to say / I don't know	17.0%	13.7%	17.1%	15.5%

Under what conditions are you ready to consider voting for a candidate / party in exchange for a monetary (other material) reward? SEVERAL RESPONSE OPTIONS. ROTATION OF ANSWERS.

	West	Center	South	East
If I like this candidate anyway (ie I am going to vote for him / her)	21.6%	24.9%	30.2%	24.6%
If I’m asked by people I trust	5.4%	8.0%	10.3%	12.3%
If I am offered a fair amount of reward	3.4%	7.4%	7.7%	6.7%
If I am sure that this will not lead to problems or negative consequences for me personally	10.4%	13.1%	13.9%	18.2%
It all depends on the circumstances	14.0%	18.9%	20.2%	19.6%
Other	0.7%	2.3%	2.4%	3.9%
Not ready under any circumstances	70.3%	62.6%	60.0%	66.0%
Hard to say / I don't know	0.0%	0.7%	1.2%	0.4%

Why do you think voters agree to receive money or other material rewards from a candidate / party in exchange for election support? SEVERAL RESPONSE OPTIONS. ROTATION OF ANSWERS.

	West	Center	South	Eastern
People are poor, and this is an additional opportunity to earn extra money	82.5%	82.2%	83.0%	83.2%
They take money, but vote independently	55.0%	59.0%	57.5%	50.5%
Do not want to reject a request from friends, acquaintances, relatives, neighbors, management, or colleagues	36.8%	37.8%	38.6%	32.3%
They don’t care who they vote for if they are offered money	62.7%	66.7%	66.3%	62.1%
Everyone does that	17.2%	15.8%	17.8%	16.5%
Other	10.8%	6.8%	6.5%	8.4%
Hard to say / I don't know	4.9%	5.5%	6.1%	4.9%

	West	Center	South	East
I consider this a positive phenomenon	39.6%	43.1%	40.2%	46.8%
I consider this a negative phenomenon	54.0%	50.9%	52.5%	46.5%
Hard to say / I don't know	6.4%	6.0%	7.3%	6.7%

Who do you think should be primarily responsible for bribing voters?

	West	Center	South	East
Who initiates and performs bribery (candidate, party or other organizers)	26.5%	24.1%	29.1%	25.3%
A voter who agrees to a bribe in exchange for their vote	7.1%	7.0%	6.5%	5.6%
Everyone is equally guilty	61.4%	64.4%	59.2%	61.8%
Other	1.3%	1.5%	1.6%	3.2%
Hard to say / I don't know	3.7%	3.1%	3.6%	4.2%

In your opinion, can the technologies of voter bribery affect the election results?

	West	Center	South	East
Yes, they highly affect	36.9%	29.1%	35.4%	29.8%
Yes, they rather affect	47.9%	55%	43.5%	48.8%
No, rather not affect	8.6%	9.2%	11.5%	8.4%
No, they do not affect at all	3.0%	2.0%	4.5%	6.7%
Hard to say / I don't know	3.5%	4.7%	5.1%	6.3%

To what extent do you agree with the statement that voter bribery is not only a serious abuse, but also the main problem of the Ukrainian elections?

	West	Center	South	East
Completely agree	53.6%	48.3%	49.2%	53.3%
I rather agree	29.0%	34.8%	34.1%	31.6%
I rather not agree	9.0%	9.2%	6.9%	7.7%
I do not agree at all	3.2%	3.9%	5.6%	3.5%
Hard to say / I don't know	5.2%	3.8%	4.2%	3.9%

AGE

Have you ever been personally asked to vote for a certain candidate in exchange for a monetary reward?

	18-29 y.o.	30-39 y.o.	40-49 y.o.	50-59 y.o.	60-69 y.o.	70 y.o.
Yes	11.6%	11.7%	14.5%	11.1%	7.7%	10.6%
No	88.4%	87.8%	85.2%	88.9%	92.3%	89.4%
Hard to say / I don't know	0.0%	0.5%	0.3%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%

In your opinion, what amount of monetary reward can motivate voters to sell their vote?

	18-29 y.o.	30-39 y.o.	40-49 y.o.	50-59 y.o.	60-69 y.o.	70 y.o.
Up to UAH 500	11.8%	13.3%	11.7%	12.4%	10.4%	12.5%
From UAH 500 to UAH 1,000	11.3%	6.9%	6.9%	4.4%	4.0%	3.0%
From UAH 1,000 to UAH 2,000	8.1%	4.2%	2.9%	1.8%	1.7%	1.1%
From 2000 to 5000 UAH	2.9%	1.2%	2.0%	6.0%	3.0%	4.0%
More than UAH 5,000	4.3%	4.7%	3.7%	3.5%	3.7%	8.0%
Other	4.0%	2.5%	3.4%	4.1%	4.7%	2.6%
Any offer of money will be unacceptable	47.4%	56.3%	55.4%	54.4%	56.2%	55.1%
Hard to say / I don't know	10.1%	10.9%	14.0%	18.8%	19.1%	24.5%

Under what conditions are you ready to consider voting for a candidate / party in exchange for a monetary (other material) reward? SEVERAL RESPONSE OPTIONS. ROTATION OF ANSWERS.

	18-29 y.o.	30-39 y.o.	40-49 y.o.	50-59 y.o.	60-69 y.o.	70 y.o.
If I like this candidate anyway (ie I am going to vote for him / her)	37.3%	26.5%	28.6%	21.5%	18.1%	16.3%
If I’m asked by people I trust	12.7%	7.2%	11.1%	5.9%	7.0%	6.4%
If I am offered a fair amount of reward	9.8%	5.9%	8.0%	3.8%	4.7%	4.9%
If I am sure that this will not lead to problems or negative consequences for me personally	21.7%	12.4%	15.1%	10.3%	9.4%	9.8%
It all depends on the circumstances	30.3%	16.1%	17.7%	17.3%	14.1%	10.6%
Other	2.0%	1.7%	4.0%	2.1%	2.7%	0.0%
Not ready under any circumstances	49.1%	65.5%	60.5%	71.0%	70.9%	73.1%
Hard to say / I don't know	0.3%	0.7%	0.3%	0.0%	1.3%	0.8%

Why do you think voters agree to receive money or other material rewards from a candidate / party in exchange for election support? SEVERAL RESPONSE OPTIONS. ROTATION OF ANSWERS.

		18-29 y.o.		30-39 y.o.		40-49 y.o.		50-59 y.o.		60-69 y.o.	70 y.o.
People are poor, and this is an additional opportunity to earn extra money	87%		83.4%		85.7%		82.7%		79.9%		74.6%
They take money, but vote independently	51.4%		56.9%		54.9%		54.5%		64.8%		56.8%
Do not want to reject a request from friends, acquaintances, relatives, neighbors, management, or colleagues	29.2%		33.4%		38.6%		42.8%		41.8%		37.1%
They don’t care who they vote for if they are offered money	69.9%		62.5%		67.1%		65.3%		65.6%		57.2%
Everyone does that	14.2%		19.8%		17.7%		15.0%		19.5%		14.0%
Other	7.8%		10.4%		10.3%		7.9%		6.4%		4.2%
Hard to say / I don't know	2.0%		5.2%		5.2%		0.5%		7.0%		9.1%

	18-29 y.o.	30-39 y.o.	40-49 y.o.	50-59 y.o.	60-69 y.o.	70 y.o.
I consider this a positive phenomenon	54.3%	44.1%	40.4%	39.3%	39.9%	30.3%
I consider this a negative phenomenon	41.3%	50.0%	52.4%	50.1%	54.0%	64.8%
Hard to say / I don't know	4.3%	5.9%	7.2%	10.6%	6.0%	4.9%

Who do you think should be primarily responsible for bribing voters?

	18-29 y.o.	30-39 y.o.			40-49 y.o.		50-59 y.o.		60-69 y.o.		70 y.o.
Who initiates and performs bribery (candidate, party or other organizers)	19.7%		28.5%	23.3%		28.2%		25.5%		33.0%
A voter who agrees to a bribe in exchange for his vote	8.4%		7.9%	5.7%		8.8%		0.5%		2.7%
Everyone is equally guilty	68.4%		57.4%	67.5%		56.6%		63.4%		58.7%
Other	0.3%		2.5%	1.7%		1.8%		2.0%		1.9%
Hard to say / I don't know	3.2%		3-7%	1.7%		4.7%		4.0%		3.8%

In your opinion, can the technologies of voter bribery affect the election results?

	18-29 y.o.	30-39 y.o.	40-49 y.o.	50-59 y.o.	60-69 y.o.	70 y.o.
Yes, they highly affect	22.0%	33.7%	36.9%	33.4%	37.2%	35.6%
Yes, they rather affect	60.4%	46.8%	50.9%	48.1%	44.6%	44.7%
No, rather not affect	13.6%	9.9%	7.7%	9.7%	9.1%	5.3%
No, they do not affect at all	1.2%	5.2%	2.6%	4.4%	2.7%	5.3%
Hard to say / I don't know	2.9%	4.5%	2.0%	4.4%	6.4%	9.1%

To what extent do you agree with the statement that voter bribery is not only a serious abuse, but also the main problem of the Ukrainian elections?

	18-29 y.o.	30-39 y.o.	40-49 y.o.	50-59 y.o.	60-69 y.o.	70 y.o.
Completely agree	42.4%	43.9%	54.6%	53.1%	61.1%	52.1%
I rather agree	42.4%	35.5%	33.9%	31.1%	23.2%	26.8%
I rather not agree	12.1%	10.4%	7.5%	6.5%	8.7%	3.4%
I do not agree at all	1.7%	0.5%	1.7%	4.7%	3.0%	9.8%
Hard to say / I don't know	1.4%	5.2%	2.3%	4.7%	4.0%	7.9%

OTHER TWO-DIMENSIONAL DISTRIBUTIONS

EXPERINCED / DIDN’T EXPERINCE BRIBERY

In your opinion, what amount of monetary reward can motivate voters to sell their vote?

	Faced with bribery	Did not face bribery
Up to UAH 500	22.1%	10.7%
From UAH 500 to UAH 1,000	8.0%	6.0%
From UAH 1,000 to UAH 2,000	4.0%	3.3%
From 2000 to 5000 UAH	1.8%	1.2%
More than UAH 5,000	4.4%	3.6%
Other	1.8%	3.7%
Any offer of money will be unacceptable	51.3%	54.6%
Hard to say / I don't know	6.6%	16.9%

Under what conditions are you ready to consider voting for a candidate / party in exchange for a monetary (other material) reward? SEVERAL RESPONSE OPTIONS. ROTATION OF ANSWERS.

	Faced with bribery	Did not face bribery
If I like this candidate anyway (ie I am going to vote for him / her)	26.8%	25.1%
If I’m asked by people I trust	9.3%	8.4%
If I am offered a fair amount of reward	6.6%	6.3%
If I am sure that this will not lead to problems or negative consequences for me personally	12.8%	13.4%
It all depends on the circumstances	21.1%	17.6%
Other	1.3%	2.3%
Not ready under any circumstances	62.3%	64.8%
Hard to say / I don't know	1.3%	0.5%

Why do you think voters agree to receive money or other material rewards from a candidate / party in exchange for election support? SEVERAL RESPONSE OPTIONS. ROTATION OF ANSWERS.

	Faced with bribery	Did not face bribery
People are poor, and this is an additional opportunity to earn extra money	78.9%	83.1%
They take money, but vote independently	60.1%	55.8%
Do not want to reject a request from friends, acquaintances, relatives, neighbors, management, colleagues	41%	36.4%
They don’t care who they vote for if they are offered money	67.8%	64.5%
Everyone does that	20.7%	16.2%
Other	11.9%	7.5%
Hard to say / I don't know	5.3%	5.4%

	Faced with bribery	Did not face bribery
I consider this a positive phenomenon	34.8%	42.9%
I consider this a negative phenomenon	61.2%	50.3%
Hard to say / I don't know	4.0%	6.8%

Who do you think should be primarily responsible for bribing voters?

	Faced with bribery	Did not face bribery
Who initiates and performs bribery (candidate, party or other organizers)	29.4%	25.8%
A voter who agrees to a bribe in exchange for his vote	7.5%	6.5%
Everyone is equally guilty	58.8%	62.4%
Other	2.2%	1.6%
Hard to say / I don't know	2.2%	3.7%

In your opinion, can the technologies of voter bribery affect the election results?

	Faced with bribery	Did not face bribery
Yes, they highly affect	42.3%	31.7%
Yes, they rather affect	42.7%	50.3%
No, rather not affect	8.8%	9.5%
No, they do not affect at all	2.6%	3.7%
Hard to say / I don't know	3.5%	4.8%

To what extent do you agree with the statement that voter bribery is not only a serious abuse, but also the main problem of the Ukrainian elections?

	Faced with bribery	Did not face bribery
Completely agree	63.2%	49.0%
I rather agree	21.5%	34.1%
I rather not agree	7.0%	8.5%
I do not agree at all	4.8%	4.1%
Hard to say / I don't know	3.5%	4.3%

READINESS TO SELL THE VOTE

Have you ever been personally asked to vote for a certain candidate in exchange for a monetary reward?

	Ready under certain conditions	Not ready under any circumstances
Yes	11.9%	11.0%
No	88.0%	88.9%
Hard to say / I don't know	0.2%	0.1%

In your opinion, what amount of monetary reward can motivate voters to sell their vote?

	Ready under certain conditions	Not ready under any circumstances
Up to UAH 500	11.5%	12.3%
From UAH 500 to UAH 1,000	9.4%	4.5%
From UAH 1,000 to UAH 2,000	5.9%	2.1%
From 2000 to 5000 UAH	2.5%	6.0 %
More than UAH 5,000	6.7%	2.0%
Other	3.5%	3.5%
Any offer of money will be unacceptable	46.8%	58.4%
Hard to say / I don't know	13.6%	16.6%

Why do you think voters agree to receive money or other material rewards from a candidate / party in exchange for election support? SEVERAL RESPONSE OPTIONS. ROTATION OF ANSWERS.

	Ready under certain conditions	Not ready under any circumstances
People are poor, and this is an additional opportunity to earn extra money	89.2%	79.2%
They take money, but vote independently	64.2%	52.1%
Do not want to reject a request from friends, acquaintances, relatives, neighbors, management, or colleagues	45.0%	32.5%
They don’t care who they vote for if they are offered money	72.0%	61.3%
Everyone does that	21.1%	14.6%
Other	6.7%	8.8%
Hard to say / I don't know	2.7%	6.6%

	Ready under certain conditions	Not ready under any circumstances
I consider this a positive phenomenon	51.1%	37.3%
I consider this a negative phenomenon	43.3%	55.9%
Hard to say / I don't know	5.6%	6.8%

Who do you think should be primarily responsible for bribing voters?

	Ready under certain conditions	Not ready under any circumstances
Who initiates and performs bribery (candidate, party or other organizers)	27.8%	25.2%
A voter who agrees to a bribe in exchange for his vote	9.2%	5.3%
Everyone is equally guilty	58.0%	64.2%
Other	1.6%	1.7%
Hard to say / I don't know	3.4%	3.6%

In your opinion, can the technologies of voter bribery affect the election results?

	Ready under certain conditions	Not ready under any circumstances
Yes, they highly affect	29.6%	34.6%
Yes, they rather affect	50.9%	48.6%
No, rather not affect	12.1%	8.0%
No, they do not affect at all	4.2%	3.3%
Hard to say / I don't know	3.1%	5.5%

To what extent do you agree with the statement that voter bribery is not only a serious abuse, but also the main problem of the Ukrainian elections?

	Ready under certain conditions	Not ready under any circumstances
Completely agree	48.3%	51.9%
I rather agree	34.9%	31.5%
I rather not agree	9.3%	7.9%
I do not agree at all	4.7%	3.7%
Hard to say / I don't know	2.8%	0.5%

DISTRIBUTION BY ATTITUDE TOWARDS “CHARITABLE AID” BEFORE THE ELECTION

Have you ever been personally asked to vote for a certain candidate in exchange for a monetary reward?

	Positive attitude	Negative attitude
Yes	9.4%	13.5%
No	90.6%	86.3%
Hard to say / I don't know	0.0%	3%

In your opinion, what amount of monetary reward can motivate voters to sell their vote?

	Positive attitude	Negative attitude
Up to UAH 500	11.4%	12.4%
From UAH 500 to UAH 1,000	6.5%	6.6%
From UAH 1,000 to UAH 2,000	4.3%	3.0%
From 2000 to 5000 UAH	1.4%	1.2%
More than UAH 5,000	5.1%	2.8%
Other (PUT DOWN)	3.8%	2.9%
Any offer of money will be unacceptable	53.7%	55.3%
Hard to say / I don't know	13.7%	15.8%

Under what conditions are you ready to consider voting for a candidate / party in exchange for a monetary (other material) reward? SEVERAL RESPONSE OPTIONS. ROTATION OF ANSWERS.

	Positive attitude	Negative attitude
If I like this candidate anyway (ie I am going to vote for him / her)	32.2%	19.6%
If I’m asked by people I trust	13.2%	5.1%
If I am offered a fair amount of reward	8.9%	4.4%
If I am sure that this will not lead to problems or negative consequences for me personally	18.3%	8.9%
It all depends on the circumstances	22.9%	14.5%
Other	1.9%	2.2%
Not ready under any circumstances	57.3%	70.1%
Hard to say / I don't know	2.0%	6.0%

Why do you think voters agree to receive money or other material rewards from a candidate / party in exchange for election support? SEVERAL RESPONSE OPTIONS. ROTATION OF ANSWERS.

	Positive attitude	Negative attitude
People are poor, and this is an additional opportunity to earn extra money	85.7%	80.4%
They take money, but vote independently	58.5%	55.9%
Do not want to reject a request from friends, acquaintances, relatives, neighbors, management, colleagues	38.3%	36.0%
They don’t care who they vote for if they are offered money	65.3%	65.7%
Everyone does that	18.0%	16.7%
Other	7.8%	7.8%
Hard to say / I don't know	4.3%	5.9%

Who do you think should be primarily responsible for bribing voters?

	Positive attitude	Negative attitude
Who initiates and performs bribery (candidate, party or other organizers)	26.5%	26.1%
A voter who agrees to a bribe in exchange for his vote	8.9%	5.4%
Everyone is equally guilty	59.3%	64.0%
Other	1.4%	1.6%
Hard to say / I don't know	3.8%	2.8%

In your opinion, can the technologies of voter bribery affect the election results?

	Positive attitude	Negative attitude
Yes, they highly affect	28.2%	37.8%
Yes, they rather affect	51.9%	46.7%
No, rather not affect	11.5%	7.6%
No, they do not affect at all	4.2%	3.1%
Hard to say / I don't know	4.2%	4.8%

To what extent do you agree with the statement that voter bribery is not only a serious abuse, but also the main problem of the Ukrainian elections?

	Ppositive attitude	Negative attitude
Completely agree	49.8%	51.6%
I rather agree	33.5%	32.0%
I rather not agree	8.9%	7.7%
I do not agree at all	3.8%	4.6%
Hard to say / I don't know	4.0%	4.3%

[1] The answer was offered in the following wording: the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (established after the unifying Council of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyiv Patriarchate, the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church and some bishops of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate)

[2] The answer was offered in the following wording: Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Moscow Patriarchate

[3] Respondents who chose the option “We do not have enough money even for food: in the question “Which of these statements best fits the financial standing of your family?”

[4] Respondents who chose the option “We have enough money for food, but it is difficult to buy clothes” in the question “Which of these statements best describes the financial standing of your family?”

[5] Respondents who chose “We have enough money for food, clothes and we can save some, but it is not enough to buy expensive things (such as a refrigerator or TV)” in the question “Which of these statements best fits the financial standing of your family?”

[6] Respondents who chose the option “We can afford to buy some valuables (such as a TV or refrigerator)” in the question “Which of these statements best describes your family’s financial standing?”

This study was supported by the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The views and statements expressed in the report may not coincide with those of USAID and the United States Government.

The Attitude of Citizens to Voter Bribery – Findings of the Survey